Technical Support Fundamentals _week 2

<The modern computer>

 

-Introduction to Computer hardware

Hardware

Ports _Connection points that we can connect devices to that extend the functionality of our computer

와 컴퓨터 뜯어서 내부 설명해준다

CPU (Central Processing Unit) _The brain of our computer, it does all the calculations and data processing

RAM (Random Access Memory) _Our computer' short-term memory

Hard drive _Holds all of our data, which includes all of our music, pictures, applications

Motherboard _The body or circulatory system of the computer that connects all the pieces together

 

-Programs and Hardware

Programs _Instructions that tell the computer what to do

EDB (External Data Bus) _A row of wires that interconnect the parts of our computer like veins in our body

The state of the wire is on :1

No voltage : 0

Registers _Components inside the CPU, They let us store the data that our CPU works with

MCC _A bridge between the CPU and the RAM, nerve in your brain connected to memory

Address but _Connects the CPU to the MCC, sends over the location of the data, but not the data itself

When the MCC takes the address and looks for the data, and then data is then sent over the EDB

Cache _It's used to store recently of frequently accessed data CPU cache - Wikipedia

There are 3 different cache levels in a CPU: L1, L2, and L3

L1 _smallest and fastest cache

Clock wire, Calculations, Clock cycle

Clock speed _The maximum number of clock cycles that it can handle in a certain time period

3.4 gigahertz is 3.4 billion cycles per second.

Overclocking How to safely overclock your CPU | Digital Trends

 

Diversity within the role has exploded.

 

 

<Components>

-CPU

The CPU uses transition book to translate and perform functions on our data

Instruction set is the transition book, literally just a list of instructions that our CPU is able to run

 

All instructions that our CPU can carry out : functions like adding, subtracting, copying data

IT support specialist does : replacing failed hard disks, upgrading RAM modules, installing video cards

Popular CPU manufacturers or chipsets _Intel, AMD and Qualcomm

These CPU manufacturers use different part names to differentiate their processors:

like Intel Core i7, AMD Athlon, Snapdragon810, Apple A8 ...

 

When you select your CPU, you'll need to make sure it's compatible with your motherboard --the circuit board that connects all your components together.

Two major types of CPU sockets in recent : Land grid array (LGA) , Pin grid array (PGA)

Heat sink 쿨러

32bit, 64 bit 32-bit and 64-bit Windows: Frequently asked questions (microsoft.com)

64 bit architecture are just specifying how much data it can efficiently handle 64-bit computing - Wikipedia  

 

-RAM

Almost all RAM is volatile, which means that once we power off our machines, the data stored in RAM is cleared

16기가 램이다 많은 프로그램을 동시에 실행가능

 

There are lots of types of RAM, and the one that's commonly found in computers is DRAM, or dynamic random-access memory

There are also different types of memory sticks that DRAM chips can be put on. The more modern DIMM sticks, which usually stands for Dual Inline Memory Module, have different sizes of pins on them.

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) _is synchronized to our systems' clock speed allowing quicker processing of data.

 

In today's system, we use another type of RAM, called double data rate SDRAM or DDR SDRAM for short =DDR

DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4

DDR is faster, takes up less power, and has a larger capacity than earlier SDRAM versions. The latest version, DDR4, is the fastest type of short term memory currently available for your computer.

 

-Motherboards

Every motherboard has a few key characteristics. 

1 chipset, which decides how components talk to each other on our machine. 

It is made up of two chips. 

1) is the Northbridge that interconnects stuff like RAM and video cards. 

2) is the Southbridge which maintains our IO or input/output controllers, like hard drives and USB devices that input and output data. 

In some modern CPUs, the Northbridge has been directly integrated into the CPU so there isn't a separate Northbridge chipset. 

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